New minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer

This study investigated the outcome of a new type of surgery for rectal cancer.

A main treatment for rectal cancer is surgery to remove the tumor (resection) and to reattach the remaining ends of the digestive tract (anastomosis). In the past, this surgery has been done through one large cut in the abdomen, a fairly invasive surgery. Laparoscopic surgery is performed through several small holes in the abdomen and is a less invasive procedure. However, a larger abdominal cut is usually needed in order to remove the tumors from the body. These surgeries also do not preserve anal function. Patients who lose anal function must wear a colostomy bag to collect feces. This can lower patient quality of life. 

Transanal resection is a newer form of laparoscopic surgery where the tumor is removed through the anus, rather than through a cut in the abdomen. This type of surgery preserves anal function. The safety and effectiveness of this type of surgery is still being explored.

This study investigated the outcome of resection without the use of a large abdominal cut. 30 patients with stage 1 and stage 2 rectal cancer took part. All patients underwent transanal resection, and none required an abdomical incision during surgery. Patients were followed for an average of 23 months.

91.3% of patients had normal bowel function 12 months after surgery. One patient required a colostomy following a leakage at the point where the rectum and colon were reattached. This was removed 3 months later when the patient had healed. 56.7% of patients survived more than 3 years following surgery.

The authors concluded that resection without an abdominal cut is safe and effective at preserving anal function.

The authors did not directly compare this type of surgery to another type of surgery. 

Consult your doctor if you would like to discuss surgical options.