In a nutshell
This study looked at the risk of dementia in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor Blockers (ARBs). The authors concluded that ACEIs and ARBs may prevent dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
Some background
A large number of patients with hypertension will also experience type 2 diabetes. ACEIs and ARBs are commonly prescribed treatments for these patients. These drugs work by relaxing the blood vessels and lowering blood pressure. Angiotensin is a hormone in the body and is also thought to be associated with dementia.
Dementia is a condition that causes memory loss and impaired reasoning. While age is the biggest risk factor for developing dementia, diabetes and hypertension may also increase the risk. It would be helpful to know if angiotensin-targeting drugs prescribed for hypertensive patients could lower the risk of dementia.
Methods & findings
4157 patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension were included in this study. 2377 patients were receiving treatment with ACEIs and 1780 were receiving ARB treatment.
Data was collected during a 12 year follow-up period. The risk of developing dementia in both groups was compared to another group of patients not receiving either ACEIs or ARBs.
Overall, the risk of dementia was 26% lower in patients treated with ACEIs and 40% lower in patients treated with ARBs.
The authors compared the effect specifically on vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The risk of vascular dementia was significantly lowered by both ACEIs and ARBs. No significant decrease was seen for Alzheimer’s disease.
The bottom line
The authors concluded that ACEIs and ARBs can significantly reduce the risk of vascular dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
The fine print
Additional factors, such as genetics, smoking and alcohol intake, that may affect the risk of dementia were not taken into account in this study.
What’s next?
Consult with your physician if you have concerns regarding the development of dementia.
Published By :
International Journal of Cardiology
Date :
Jun 29, 2016
