The authors aimed to formulate guidelines for the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in patients with diabetes. 

CGM is a technology that involves wearing a small device that tracks blood sugar levels throughout the day and night. This device will notify the wearer when blood sugar levels are too low or too high, preventing any unwanted blood sugar events. CSII is used in patients with type 1 diabetes to ensure that strict blood sugar control is achieved. It involves the use of an insulin pump that provides a constant supply of insulin to the body. Wearing the pump eliminates the need for daily injections. However, for both CGM and CSII to function properly both the patient and their caregiver need to be educated in the use of these devices and adhere to proper practices. 

The Endocrine Society gathered a panel of experts to examine previous research and make recommendations for guidelines for the use of CGM and CSII.

This study outlined the recommended guidelines for the use of CGM and CSII in patients with diabetes. 

It was advised that before CSII use, patients should be assessed to ensure they were mentally and psychologically stable and able to self-manage their diabetes treatment. Patients must be willing and able to manage both CSII and CGM devices.

CSII use was recommended over basal-bolus therapy (a combination of fast-acting and longer-lasting insulin treatment) in patients with type 1 diabetes. It was recommended for patients who had not achieved their HbA1c levels (measurement of average glucose levels over the past three months). One analysis of multiple studies determined that CSII use decreased average HbA1c (average blood glucose over 3 months) levels by 0.3%. It was also recommended in patients who achieved their target HbA1c levels, but continued to experience low or high blood sugar levels.

CSII was recommended in patients with type 2 diabetes with poor blood sugar control (despite intensive insulin treatment). In one study of patients with HbA1c levels between 8.0% and 10.0%, CSII use decreased levels by an average of 1.1%.

CGM was recommended in patients with type 1 diabetes who had HbA1c levels above target. It was also recommended in patients with well-controlled type 1 diabetes. Studies have noted decreases in HbA1c levels, as well as in the number of hypoglycemic events (dangerously low blood glucose levels).

Short-term CGM use was recommended in adult patients with type 2 diabetes who had HbA1c levels above 7%. A study noted that 12 weeks of CGM use led to a long-term (40 week) improvement in HbA1c.

It was recommended that patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes receive education and training in CGM and CSII use and undergo ongoing support to help manage and control blood sugar levels effectively. 

The authors concluded that CGM and CSII play an important role in diabetes management and that the use of diabetes technology is beneficial in monitoring and controlling blood sugar levels.