The impact of grilled, barbecued and smoked meat consumption on breast cancer survival

This study investigated the impact of consuming grilled, barbecued and smoked meats on breast cancer (BC) survival. This study concluded that a high intake of these foods may have a negative effect on BC survival.

Grilled, barbecued and smoked meats are a known source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) carcinogens which may increase the risk of developing breast cancer. These foods are the primary source of PAH exposure among non-smokers. Additionally, many of these foods contain large amounts of saturated fat. Previous studies have shown that a high intake of total fat, saturated fat and monounsaturated fat may be associated with a greater risk of mortality in women with BC. It is not clear whether continued consumption of grilled or smoked meats after diagnosis affects mortality.

This study included 1508 women with invasive breast cancer. The women were interviewed in relation to their consumption of grilled, barbecued and smoked meats at the beginning of the study and again 5 years later. The total average follow up time of the participants was 17.6 years. Throughout the follow up period, 595 deaths were identified among the participants. Of these, 39.7% were related to BC.

Continued high consumption of these foods was associated with a 31% increase in the risk of mortality from any cause. Women who had high consumption before diagnosis and low consumption afterward had a 28% increased risk of mortality. Women who reported consuming smoked fish and poultry both before and after diagnosis were found to have a 45% reduction in the risk of BC related mortality.

The study concluded that high intake of grilled, barbecued and smoked meat may negatively impact survival after BC diagnosis. Consumption of smoked poultry and fish before and after diagnosis was associated with a reduction in the risk of BC mortality.

This study relied on patient self-reporting which could not be otherwise verified. Additionally, 28% of the patients initially included did not complete the follow up assessment and were not included in the final analysis. Finally, other dietary factors may have influenced the results.

Discuss the benefit of dietary changes with your doctor.