In a nutshell This study compared the effects of a low-carbohydrate versus a high-carbohydrate diet on glycemic control and heart disease risk in obese adults with type 2 diabetes. This study concluded that both diets helped reduce body weight, HbA1c levels, and fasting blood glucose levels. However, the low-carbohydrate diet led to greater...
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In a nutshell This study investigated the effects of a low-fat vegan (plant-based) diet on pancreas function in overweight, non-diabetic adults. This study concluded that both pancreas function and insulin sensitivity significantly improved in these adults through a low-fat vegan diet. Some background Poor function of beta-cells in the pancreas...
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In a nutshell This study investigated whether a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 120 mm Hg or less is beneficial for patients with diabetes, and determined their outcomes. This study concluded that this intensive blood pressure control improves cardiovascular outcomes in those with diabetes. Some background Proper management of blood pressure (BP) in...
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In a nutshell This study determined the safety and effectiveness of ertugliflozin (Steglatro) as a single therapy for adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes despite diet and exercise. This study concluded that 1 year of ertugliflozin improved glycemic (blood sugar) control and reduced body weight and blood pressure, but increased genital...
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The adrenal glands-which are also called suprarenal glands-are part of the endocrine system and are found on the top of each kidney. How the endocrine system hormones work Hormones secreted from glands of the endocrine system travel in the bloodstream to target cells. Target cells have receptors that are specific to each hormone. The hormones and receptors...
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In a nutshell This study investigated the suitability of IDegLira for treating patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. The authors concluded that using IDegLira was safe and effective at reducing blood-sugar levels. Some background IDegLira is an injectable, fixed-ratio combination of basal insulin (degludec) and a glucagon-like peptide-1...
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In a nutshell This study investigated the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM; diabetes first diagnosed in pregnancy) on developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. It was determined that GDM was associated with a higher risk of developing T2D, high blood pressure, and ischemic heart disease. Some background The...
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Insulin was first extracted from cattle and pig pancreas. It took 8,000 pounds of pancreas from 23,500 animals to make one pound of insulin. In 1978, Eli Lilly needed 56 million animals to meet the US demand for insulin. Everything changed when, Genentech used recombinant DNA technology to create synthetic human insulin (now called human insulin). The...
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And the prices of other medications in the US Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. That means that the person’s immune system attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas (beta cells) that make insulin. Once those cells are destroyed, they don’t grow back. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in young people, before the age of 30, and most often...
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In a nutshell This study compared the effectiveness and safety of fast-acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) with conventional insulin aspart (IAsp) in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). It was determined that faster aspart may be better at controlling blood glucose levels, without increasing the risk of side effects. Some background Reducing...
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In a nutshell This study examined the effects of dapagliflozin (Farxiga) and exenatide (Byetta) in different groups of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). It was determined that a combination of the drugs reduces weight, blood pressure, and triglycerides (type of fat found in the blood) more than either alone. The greatest...
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In a nutshell This study assessed the potential benefits that using a continuous glucose monitoring device had for pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. The authors concluded that using the device improved maternal blood-sugar control and also reduced the likelihood of pregnancy and birth complications among mothers using the...
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