How beneficial is cognitive motor dual-task training to patients with stroke?

This study analyzed the impact of cognitive-motor dual-task training (CMDT) on patients with chronic stroke. The authors concluded that CMDT had beneficial effects on balance ability, gait, and upper limb function in patients with chronic stroke.

A stroke involves an interruption or slowing of blood flow and oxygen to the brain. This results in damaged brain cells in the affected area. Chronic strokes involve a recovery period of at least 6 months. Patients that survive strokes often have lifelong disabilities and their cognitive abilities (perception and judgment) are affected to different degrees. Stroke survivors typically experience difficulties in performing two (dual) tasks at the same time which can affect walking.

Rehabilitation is needed after a stroke to recover cognitive and limb functions. For effective rehabilitation of patients, it is necessary to understand the connection between cognition and walking. Some studies have suggested that a combination of cognitive rehabilitation and physical rehabilitation (CMDT) can improve function more effectively for patients. However, it is unclear whether this applies to those with chronic strokes.

This study analyzed the results of 13 studies that included a total of 326 patients with chronic stroke. 164 patients were randomly assigned to a treatment group that received CMDT. 162 patients were given a control therapy. Patients in the control group received treadmill walking training or conventional rehabilitation like occupational therapy and physical therapy. Patients were assessed for walking balance, gait speed, cadence, step time, stride time, step length, stride length, and upper extremity function.

CMDT was shown to significantly improve the walking and gait abilities of patients with stroke. CMDT also significantly improved the upper limb function in patients with stroke.

The study showed that CMDT had a significant improvement in walking balance, gait and upper extremity function in patients with chronic stroke.

The number and size of studies included were small. The follow-up time for patients was not mentioned in some studies. In other cases, when the follow-up time was mentioned, it was short. Further studies are needed.