A review on diet considerations for patients with nocturia

This study reviewed the effect of diet on nocturia (waking up at night to urinate) severity. 

Nocturia is among the most common and bothersome urinary symptoms. It increases with age and is associated with mortality due to its effects on sleep and daytime activity. It also increases the risk of falls and hip fractures in the elderly. The treatment for this condition involves a change in lifestyle, such as a change in diet and in sleep. However, this has only limited effectiveness and in some cases medication is necessary. The role of food in these patients is often overlooked.

Urine is produced in order to regulate body fluid and remove toxins that come from food and beverages. Since the diet is the main source of fluids and nutrients, it can, therefore, affect urine production and contribute to nocturia. However, it is not clear how diet affects nocturia in patients with urinary symptoms.

This study reviewed other studies with information about patients with nocturia and their diet.  

A high fruit and vegetable intake (over 350 g/1000 kcal per day) was associated with a reduced occurrence of urinary symptoms including nocturia compared to a moderate intake (250-350 g/1000 kcal per day). A high intake of dark leafy vegetables (over 50 g/1000 kcal per day) also reduced nocturia compared to a moderate intake (25-50 g/1000 kcal per day).

A high intake of tea (more than 3 cups per day) and salt (7 g or more per day for women and 8 g or more for men) were also associated with a higher frequency of nocturia.

The factors that seemed to change the urination rate were food, blood sugar control, and melatonin (a hormone that helps us sleep at night). Lower levels of melatonin were associated with a higher occurrence of nocturia.

This study reviewed the association of nocturia with diet and lifestyle factors.

The studies reviewed were deemed as poor quality. Further studies are needed to determine the link between nocturia and diet.