Is there a link between anti-Mullerian hormone receptor 2 and fertility disorders?

This study investigated if anti-Mullerian hormone receptor 2 (AMHr2) levels are associated with fertility disorders. They found that high AMHr2 was associated with ovarian insufficiency. 

Infertility is a growing problem worldwide. In many cases the cause of infertility is unclear. Understanding the potential causes of infertility is important. Biomarkers (BMs) are proteins that can be used to identify disease. BMs may say if a patient is at risk of developing a disease. BMs can also be used to diagnose disease. Identifying BMs in infertility may be useful. They could be used to tailor infertility treatments.

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is a fertility hormone. It is involved in the production of oocytes (eggs). AMH binds to the AMH receptor 2 (AMHr2). The AMHr2 has two parts. One part, the soluble one, can be measured in the blood. Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) may have higher levels of AMHr2. Studies were done using ovarian cells in a lab. Studies in animals also suggest AMHr2 may be related to fertility. High AMHr2 levels may suggest a patient has ovarian insufficiency (OVIS). OVIS is a condition where a low number of oocytes are available for fertilization. It is unclear if AMHr2 levels are associated with OVIS.

This study included 186 women. This included 110 women with normal ovarian function. Women with PCOS (26) and reduced ovarian function were also included. AMHr2 was measured from blood samples. AMHr2 levels were compared between the different types of patients. AMH was also measured. 

Women with PCOS had significantly higher AMHr2 levels compared to women with normal ovarian function. AMHr2 levels in women with PCOS were similar to women with reduced ovarian function. The highest AMHr2 levels and highest AMHr2/AMH ratio were observed in post-menopausal women. 

The authors concluded that high AMHr2 levels and high AMHr2/AMH ratio are associated with OVIS.

The number of patients in this study was low. Only 26 women with PCOS were included. Patients ranged in age from 13-59. More controlled studies are needed to understand the role of AMHr2. 

If you have any concerns regarding infertility please consult with your physician.