This paper studied how acute epididymitis affected sperm composition.

Epididymitis (infection of the epididymis; a duct behind the testes through which sperm passes) can directly affect the epididymis and also the testes. Studies have shown that infections and inflammations contribute to male infertility. However, there are few studies specifically studying the effect of epididymitis on fertility. However, conventional semen analysis shows that 60% of men have normal sperm characteristics after an episode of epididymitis. 

The authors evaluated the protein makeup of sperm following an episode of epididymitis by using a technique that studies proteins.

8 men who had acute epididymitis were recruited for the study. 10 healthy men who requested vasectomy (surgical procedure for male sterilization) were recruited as controls for comparison. Proteins were extracted from sperm and analyzed. Sperm concentration and motility (ability to move) was assessed.

The protein analysis of patients after recovery from epididymitis showed changes in sperm protein makeup. Reduced levels of 35 different proteins were seen in patients who had epididymitis compared to control samples. Of these 35 proteins, 14 have been previously shown to be expressed in the sperm of infertile patients.

ATP5B, alpha-tubulin and tubulin-beta2C were proteins that were studied as they indicate sperm integrity (quality, purity). Expression of ATP5B, alpha-tubulin and tubulin-beta2C was decreased in the sperm from epididymitis patients. 

The authors concluded that sperm protein composition was changed in patients who had acute epididymitis, and that these changes may have an implication in male infertility. 

The study involved a small sample size, larger studies are warranted.