Does anti-Mullerian hormone level have an effect on unexplained recurrent early miscarriage?

This study investigated if anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) blood levels have an effect on unexplained recurrent early miscarriage (REM). They found that abnormal AMH levels may contribute to unexplained REM.

Recurrent early miscarriage (REM) affects 1-2% of couples trying to conceive. REM is diagnosed if a woman has 3 or more miscarriages before 12 weeks of pregnancy. In 50% of cases the cause of REM is unexplained. One potential cause is ovarian dysfunction. Abnormal hormone levels and reduced ovarian reserve (OR) is linked to REM. OR is the number of oocytes (eggs) a women has.

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels are an indicator of OR. It is more accurate than age in predicting OR. AMH is typically used to measure fertility. It is unclear if there is a relationship between AMH and REM.

This study included 188 women with REM. 376 women that had successful pregnancies were also included as a control. Women undergoing assisted reproduction techniques (ART) were included in the trial. Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients were also allowed to take part in the trial. AMH levels were compared between the REM and control group. 

AMH levels varied in both groups. The average AMH level was not different between the groups. More patients in the REM group had AMH below 1 ng/ml compared to controls (17.6% vs. 10.6%). In women over 25, AMH levels in the REM group were significantly lower than controls. The results were similar in women undergoing ART and those with PCOS.

The authors concluded that abnormally low AMH levels may contribute to unexplained REM.

The number of women under 25 was too low to analyze the data. AMH levels varied widely in these patients making it difficult to draw a conclusion. More investigation is needed. 

If you have any concerns regarding infertility please consult with your physician.