Can lifestyle alteration help patients with PCOS?

This article explored the abnormalities of metabolism and nutrition that occur in polycystic ovarian syndrome and the lifestyle alterations that may help. 

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal problem in women where excess androgens (sex hormones such as testosterone, normally only found in high levels in males) are produced. Menstrual cycle irregularities or absence are common among these patients, as are fertility problems.

Insulin resistance (IR, an insensitivity to the hormone insulin) often accompanies PCOS. IR can result in high blood sugar levels and can lead to diabetes. Central obesity (weight distributed around the middle of the abdomen, associated with an increased risk of heart problems) is also often found in these patients. It is thought that changes to diet may help decrease the risk of some of these symptoms.

The current study reviewed previous research on the metabolic and nutritional background of PCOS, and how changes to diet may help in treatment.

IR is found in 50–70 % of women with PCOS. Roughly 49% of women with PCOS are obese, and IR occurs in 95% of these cases. Insulin sensitizing drugs such as metformin (Glucophage) may benefit patients with insulin resistance, regardless of obesity status.

Many women with PCOS are deficient in vitamin D (a vitamin produced by the body when exposed to sunlight). Vitamin D levels have been correlated with insulin sensitivity and obesity. Vitamin D supplementation led to improvements in IR and reduced androgen levels in women with PCOS.

Lifestyle modifications may help to improve PCOS symptoms. A 5-10% weight loss can reduce the risk of heart-related complications, along with improving IR, menstrual function and fertility in those with PCOS.  This can be achieved through calorie restriction and increasing physical activity levels.

Small and frequent meals, with higher caloric intake at breakfast may be beneficial. Limiting sugar and refined carbohydrates (which cause a spike in blood sugar levels, found in white bread, pasta, and soda) can help improve IR and hormonal function. Low glycemic index foods (those that do not spike blood sugars, such as whole grains, legumes, and many vegetables) can also improve IR.

This review concluded that lifestyle modifications, such as changes to diet, may help in the management of PCOS.

It cannot be ensured that the studies included in this review article were of a sufficient size and design to yield highly accurate results. 

Talk to your physician if you have PCOS and would like more information on lifestyle changes that may be beneficial.