Does an intensive lifestyle modification improve early hypertension management?

This study investigated if an intensive lifestyle treatment (ILT) improves stage I hypertension. They found that ILT improved blood pressure (BP) control and arterial stiffness (AS). 

Hypertension or high blood pressure (BP) is a common condition. Hypertension with no obvious causes is called essential hypertension (EH). EH also carries a risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD can cause blockages in blood vessels. It can also lead to blood clots and cause heart attacks or stroke. Managing EH is very important. High BP can cause organ damage and arterial stiffness (AS). AS reduces blood flow around the body. 

Lifestyle modifications can help manage BP levels. A healthy diet can reduce inflammation. Inflammation can cause blockages in the blood vessels. Exercise is also used to manage EH. Combining a healthy diet and exercise could greatly improve EH management. It is unclear if an intensive lifestyle treatment (ILT) can improve EH and reduce CVD risk in patients with early hypertension.

This study included 76 patients with EH. Patients were randomly assigned to ILT or standard care (SC). SC involved using standard guidelines on managing BP with diet and exercise. The ILT group had nutrition education sessions. Exercise was also encouraged at these sessions. Patients were assessed at 3 and 6 months. BP and AS were measured. 

BP was significantly improved in the ILT group. AS was also significantly improved in the ILT group at 6 months. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly lower in the ILT group at 6 months. Patients in the ILT group also had lower levels of blood fats such as cholesterol and triglycerides and lower elimination of sodium (salt) in the urine. There were no differences in physical activity between groups. 

ILT patients had a lower intake of pro-inflammatory nutrients. They also had a higher intake of anti-inflammatory nutrients. 

The authors concluded that ILT improved BP control and AS in patients with early hypertension.

This study had a low number of participants and a short follow-up period. Larger and longer-term studies are needed. 

If you have any concerns regarding hypertension please consult with your physician.