Aerobic versus isometric exercise: what are the benefits for management of hypertension?

This study investigated aerobic exercise versus isometric handgrip training for the management of hypertension (high blood pressure).

They found that aerobic exercise alone was able to significantly reduce blood pressure levels in patients with hypertension.

Aerobic exercise is recommended by doctors to patients with hypertension (high blood pressure) to help reduce blood pressure. Walking, running and swimming are examples of aerobic exercise. Isometric exercise is a type of strength training that involves remaining static in specific poses which cause muscle contraction. It is not recommended for hypertensive patients as there is concern it may cause blood pressure to peak.

A number of small studies indicate there may be some anti-hypertensive benefits from isometric handgrip training. This involves gripping an object with your hand for a specific length of time without moving the arm. 

This study compares aerobic exercise and isometric handgrip training in patients with hypertension. 

66 patients with hypertension (blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg) were included in this study. Patients were assigned to three groups: aerobic exercise, isometric exercise or ‘sham’ (fake) isometric exercise. The treatment regime lasted 12 weeks. Blood pressure was measured with a 24-hour monitor. The stiffness and elasticity of the vasculature (blood vessels) was also measured.

Patients undergoing aerobic exercise had a reduced systolic blood pressure (roughly 5 mmHg) compared to isometric and sham patients. Aerobic exercise also reduced systemic vascular resistance (SVR), an indicator of the resistance against blood flow. Isometric exercise did not reduce blood pressure.

This study concluded that aerobic exercise significantly reduced blood pressure levels in patients with hypertension, but isometric exercise did not. 

A small number of patients were included in this study. 4 people discontinued the aerobic training regime. This questions the feasibility of aerobic training as a long-term blood pressure management strategy.

If you have any concerns regarding blood pressure management and exercise, then please discuss with your physician.