Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in people with type 2 diabetes

This study investigated the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). It was determined that NAFLD was present in a high percentage of people with T2D. The prevalence depended on gender, obesity, and other factors. 

NAFLD occurs in people who drink little or no alcohol. It is a disease where too much fat is stored in the liver. In severe cases NAFLD can cause liver failure. Worldwide, 25.24% of people are estimated to have NAFLD. People with T2D are at greater risk of developing NAFLD. NAFLD in T2D may lead to a higher risk of developing heart disease and other complications of T2D. However, the exact prevalence of NAFLD in T2D is uncertain.

Data from 24 studies were examined. Overall, 35,599 people with T2D participated in these studies. 20,264 participants had NAFLD.

The overall prevalence of NAFLD in people with T2D was estimated to be 59.67%. However, there were large differences between studies. Estimates of NAFLD prevalence ranged from 29.6% in one study, to 87.1% in another.

The prevalence of NAFLD was 60.11% in male participants and 59.35% in female participants. There was a higher prevalence in obese participants (77.87%) than in non-obese participants (55.74%). Those with high blood pressure had a higher prevalence of NAFLD (66.5%) than those without high blood pressure (55.78%). Those who had high cholesterol and/or triglycerides had a higher prevalence (60.10%) than those who did not (39.88%). There was a higher prevalence in people with heart disease (70.96%) than in people without heart disease (54.16%). The prevalence was also higher in participants with chronic kidney disease (76.33%) than in participants without chronic kidney disease (63.79%).

The study concluded that there was a high prevalence of NAFLD in people with T2D. The prevalence was higher in people who were male, obese, who had high blood pressure, who had high cholesterol and/or triglycerides, heart disease, or chronic kidney disease. 

Large differences between studies may have made comparisons difficult. Furthermore, most of the 24 studies only examined patients in hospital or those attending diabetes clinics. This may not accurately represent all people with T2D. 

Discuss the risks of NAFLD with your physician.