In a nutshell
This study examined the effects of a low carbohydrate diet and a low fat diet on quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. The authors concluded that a low carbohydrate diet improves quality of life.
Some background
Obese patients and patients who have type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a lower quality of life compared to individuals who have a normal weight. A higher body mass index (measure of body fat based on weight and height) is associated with a poorer quality of life. Poorer quality of life is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD – the narrowing or blockage of blood vessels which can lead to heart failure or stroke) and also mortality. It is recommended that overweight and obese T2D patients lose weight in order to reduce the CVD risk and improve quality of life.
Carbohydrates are energy present in food which can increase weight. Patients may adopt a low carbohydrate diet (LCD), in which 20% of energy comes from carbohydrates. Alternatively, patients may adopt a low fat diet (LFD), in which 55-60% of energy comes from carbohydrates. It is not known whether a LCD or LFD is more effective in improving quality of life in T2D patients.
Methods & findings
This study aimed to compare the effects of a LCD and LFD on quality of life in T2D patients. Participants were divided into 2 groups. One group maintained an LFD, while the other maintained an LCD.
Patients completed a questionnaire at the start of the study and after 6 months, 12 months and 24 months to determine quality of life. Quality was based on questions addressing physical functioning, body pain, general health, energy, social function and mental health.
There was no difference in weight loss between the LFD (-3.99 kg) and LCD (-4.31 kg) groups after 6 months.
Physical functioning improved significantly in the LCD group after 12 months. There was no change in the physical component score in the LFD group. Improvements in physical function, body pain and general health were observed only in participants who maintained the LCD. These improvements were only noted 12 months after beginning the LCD and were not apparent at 24 months.
The bottom line
This study concluded that similar weight loss occurs following a LCD and LFD. However, quality of life improved one year after beginning a LCD.
The fine print
Results obtained at six months were less reliable as fewer participants completed the questionnaire at this time.
What’s next?
Consult your physician regarding the risks and benefits of a LCD.
Published By :
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Date :
Sep 08, 2014
