In a nutshell
This study examined the link between HbA1c levels (average blood glucose over the last 3 months) measured in the first trimester of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM; diabetes first occurring in pregnancy). It was determined that increased HbA1c levels in the first trimester were associated with an increased risk of GDM.
Some background
GDM can lead to complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the mother later in life, and obesity in the child. The link between HbA1c levels at the beginning of the pregnancy and development of GDM later during the pregnancy is still under investigation.
Methods & findings
This study included 100 pregnant women who developed GDM and 211 similar pregnant women who did not develop GDM. At the start of the study, the participants completed detailed questionnaires about their medical history and lifestyle. Blood samples were taken to measure HbA1c levels at 8-13 weeks, 16-22 weeks, 24-29 weeks, and 34-37 weeks of pregnancy. They were followed up for the diagnosis of GDM during their pregnancy.
Throughout pregnancy, HbA1c levels were higher in women who developed GDM than in those who did not. Average HbA1c levels were 5.3% in women who developed GDM, and 5.1% in women who did not. The risk of developing GDM increased with higher HbA1c levels in the first trimester. For every 0.1% increase in HbA1c levels at 8-13 weeks, the risk of GDM later in pregnancy increased by 22%.
The bottom line
The study concluded that women who develop GDM have higher HbA1c levels during pregnancy and that the risk of developing GDM increases as first-trimester HbA1c levels increase.
The fine print
The study examined only a small number of women, most of whom were not at high risk of developing GDM. This may have affected the results.
What’s next?
Discuss the risk of developing GDM with your physician.
Published By :
Scientific reports
Date :
Aug 16, 2018
