In a nutshell
This study investigated the role of diet in diabetic retinopathy (DR). It was determined that fiber, oily fish, a Mediterranean diet, and reduced caloric intake were associated with a lower risk of DR.
Some background
DR is a common complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In DR blood vessels in the retina (part of the eye) become damaged, may become leaky, and may increase in number. DR can lead to loss of vision or blindness.
Some research has found that diet has a role in DR. However, the exact role of different foods is not certain.
Methods & findings
This study examined the results of 31 different studies. 31,880 people with T1D or T2D participated. They were asked about their diet, and examined for DR.
Increasing fiber, fruit and vegetables, and oily fish (such as salmon and trout) in the diet was associated with a reduced risk of DR. Following a Mediterranean diet, which emphasizes foods like fruit, vegetables, nuts, beans, whole grains, fish, poultry, and unsaturated (healthy) fats, also reduced the risk of DR. Eating more calories each day was associated with a higher risk of DR.
Carbohydrates, vitamin D, and salt were not found to increase or decrease the risk of DR. The link between DR and antioxidants (such as vitamins C and E), unsaturated fats, protein, alcohol, coffee, tea, and milk was still uncertain.
The bottom line
The study concluded that fiber, fruit and vegetables, oily fish, a Mediterranean diet, and lower caloric intake were associated with a reduced risk of DR. Dietary intake of carbohydrates, vitamin D, and salt did not have an effect on DR.
The fine print
Differences between the different studies may have limited comparisons. For example, some studies examined only people with T1D or only people with T2D, while other studies examined both. Most studies measured diet through interviews, food diaries, and questionnaires.
What’s next?
Discuss the effects of diet on DR with your physician.
Published By :
PLOS ONE
Date :
Jan 29, 2018
