Does physical activity extend survival?

This review evaluated the effect of physical activity (PA) on the survival of breast cancer patients.

Physical activity is known to prevent the development of breast cancer by lowering female sex hormone levels such as estrogen and progesterone (which influence the growth and multiplication of breast cancer cells), particularly in pre-menopause (the period before menopause installs). It also maintains weight in the normal range in order to avoid an excess body fat that would influence the multiplication of breast cancer cells. In breast cancer patients, PA has been shown to improve quality of life, physical strength and to reduce depression and fatigue. Elderly cancer patients are usually more affected physically by the disease. Therefore, new strategies are needed to decrease the effect of breast cancer on physical decline. The present review analyzed several studies in order to assess the effect of PA on survival of breast cancer patients, with particular focus on elderly patients.

This review analyzed 17 studies that included a total of 35,026 breast cancer patients. In order to assess their PA level, all patients completed a questionnaire regarding their occupational, recreational and/or household activities.

Eight studies reported a 37% to 67% reduction in the risk of death in patients with a high amount of PA compared to those with no PA. Three studies found a significantly lower risk of mortality in the older (> 65 years old) or postmenopausal patients with a high amount of PA versus patients with the lowest level of PA. These patients reported improved muscle and bone strength, reduction in falls, and increased mental health. A number of studies also suggest that the effect of PA may be different according to weight status, with the greatest benefit observed in overweight patients compared to normal-weight patients.

In summary, this study showed that breast cancer patients who have regular physical activity my have a higher survival compared to sedentary patients. This effect is seen particularly in older and overweight patients.

Consult your physician about the appropriate type and dose of exercise in your situation.