In a nutshell This paper gave recommendations for treating patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2- positive (presence of HER2 on cancer cells) breast cancer that has spread to the brain. Some background Some patients have breast cancer where human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, a protein) is present. With...
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In a nutshell The European Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology summarised guidelines for managing high blood pressure. Some background Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a common medical condition where pressure in the blood vessels is too high. Uncontrolled high blood pressure causes the heart of have to work...
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In a nutshell This article reviewed guidelines for management of osteoarthritis. Some background Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and affects more than 27 million people in the United States. Older individuals and overweight individuals have a higher risk of developing osteoarthritis. One common symptom of the disease is joint...
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In a nutshell This review and guideline update examined the role of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in breast cancer patients. Some background Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a structure on the surface of some cells that stimulates cell growth. Overexpression (overproduction) of this protein may...
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In a nutshell The authors aimed to formulate a clinical practice guideline for the management of the pregnant woman with diabetes. Some background Women with diabetes have an increased risk of problems during pregnancy. Those with gestational, type 1 or type 2 diabetes should learn how to take care of themselves and their baby before,...
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In a nutshell This study used an evidence-based approach to recommend treatment guidelines, goals and medications in the management of hypertension in adults. Some background Hypertension (high blood pressure) is one of the most important preventable contributors to disease and death. It can lead to myocardial infarction (heart attack),...
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In a nutshell This report offered updated guidelines for the use of sentinel node biopsy and axillary lymph node dissection in early-stage breast cancer. Some background Breast cancer patients often undergo a sentinel node biopsy (an examination of tissue removed from the body) to determine whether or not their cancer has spread to the...
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In a nutshell This article provides an overview of the new treatment guidelines for early invasive breast cancer as set by the 2013 St. Gallen Consensus. Some background The St. Gallen Consensus of 2011 offered the current guidelines for the treatment of early-stage breast cancers. Recently, an expert panel of 51 physicians and scientists convened...
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In a nutshell This article presents the latest (2013) recommendations of the European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) for management of rheumatoid arthritis. Some background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common form of chronic inflammatory arthritis (inflammation of the joints) and often results in joint damage and physical...
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In a nutshell This review summarized the 2013 updates to the European Association of Urology’s guidelines on prostate cancer treatment. Some background Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in European men. It is diagnosed more often in elderly men, but increased screening has led to diagnoses in younger men and at earlier...
Read MoreIn a nutshell The current article discusses the updated criteria and definitions for different types of stroke. Some background The term stroke is generally used to refer to an injury to the brain caused by a lack of blood flow or by hemorrhage (bleeding). Stroke is a major cause of death and disability, but the definitions for what constitutes a...
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In a nutshell This review explored the most appropriate surveillance methods for detecting and reducing mortality associated with recurrences (return of the cancer) of colorectal cancer. Some background Due to treatment advances and lowering death rates, there are increasing numbers of colorectal cancer survivors. Therefore, appropriate...
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