In a nutshell The authors analyzed treatment options available for advanced prostate cancer. Some background At the first St. Gallen Advanced Prostate Cancer Conference leading experts met to determine the most up-to-date guidelines for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Advanced prostate cancer is cancer that has spread...
Read MoreIn a nutshell This paper reviewed the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Some background Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage refers to a blood clot that arises within the brain. It is spontaneous, meaning that there has been no trauma or surgery. This is associated with a greater risk of death compared to other causes of...
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The following guidelines provide clinical recommendations on the treatment of urinary incontinence in women. For the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (the involuntary leakage of urine with a physical activity such as coughing or sneezing), the American College of Physicians recommends first-line treatment with pelvic floor muscle training...
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In a nutshell This article provides a summary of the 2013 European Association of Urology guidelines on the treatment and follow-up of men lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Some background Men with enlarged prostates often experience bothersome urinary symptoms. These may include increased frequency or urgency of urination, painful urination,...
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In a nutshell This paper reviewed the American Heart Association guildelines for the treatment of hypertension in patients with coronary artery disease. Some background Coronary artery disease (CAD) refers to a build-up of substances in the blood vessels to the heart. This obstructs blood flow and can increase the risk of angina (chest pain) and...
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In a nutshell This paper gave recommendations for preventing stroke among patients who survived an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Some background A stroke occurs when there is not enough blood supply to the brain. In ischemic stroke, a blockage of a blood vessel to the brain leads to obstructed blood flow. In a transient...
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In a nutshell This report published by the Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine discusses the reproductive options available to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Some background Approximately one third of HIV-infected individuals express a desire to have children. However, these individuals also...
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In a nutshell The authors aimed to give specific breast cancer treatment guidelines determined by medical experts. Some background The St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference is held every two years. Leading experts in breast cancer research meet at this conference to determine the most up-to-date guidelines for treatment. The 2015...
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In a nutshell The authors summarized the approved guidelines obtained from the ESMO meeting on the treatment options for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Some background In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), almost 70% of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease. Most of these patients are unsuitable for the...
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In a nutshell This paper reviewed and provided recommendations on treatment for breast cancer that is hormone receptor positive (presence of estrogen or progesterone receptor). Some background Adjuvant endocrine therapy (treatment given after surgery) is highly effective for hormone receptor positive breast cancer. Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) taken...
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In a nutshell This study assessed new guidelines for diagnosing infertility, and whether this may exclude men who could benefit from vein removal surgery (varicocelectomy). Some background Enlargement of the veins within the testes is a common cause of infertility in men. It is easily treated and surgical removal of the vein has been...
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In a nutshell This paper provided recommendations on treatment for patients with human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) positive (presence of HER2 on cancer cells) breast cancer. Some background HER2 is a protein that can be found on cancer cells. About 15% of breast cancer patients have HER2 positive breast cancer. Therapy that targets HER2...
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