In a nutshell The authors determined the effect of cryoablation in locally recurrent (return of cancer to or near the original site) prostate cancer following radiotherapy. Some background Radiotherapy is a common treatment used in prostate cancer. It involves directing a beam of radiation at the tumor site in order to kill cancer...
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In a nutshell The authors aimed to determine the risks of developing cardiac or heart problems while being treated with trastuzumab (Herceptin) for breast cancer. Some background Trastuzumab is a form of endocrine or hormone therapy used to treat patients with human epidermal growth factor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer. Since the approval of...
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In a nutshell The authors aimed to assess the overall risks of breast cancer recurrence (return of the cancer) following two types of breast cancer surgery. Some background Breast cancer treatments may include surgery; a mastectomy is the removal of the entire breast while breast-conserving surgery is the removal of the breast cancer but not the...
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In a nutshell The authors aimed to distinguish whether the characteristics of breast cancer could depend on the focality of the tumor. Some background Breast cancer can be characterized as 'unifocal', 'multifocal and 'multicentric'. This refers to the number of areas in which the cancer can be found (focality); unifocal...
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In a nutshell The authors assessed the accuracy of the system used to classify the stages of mucosal melanoma of the female reproductive system. Some background Mucosal melanomas of the vagina and vulva (the external part of female genital organs) are rare cancer, accounting for 1-3% of all melanomas in women. These melanomas occur...
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In a nutshell The authors aimed to determine factors associated with weight gain in patients who received hormone therapy. Some background Hormone therapy is a common treatment used in prostate cancer. It targets hormones active in prostate cancer, such as testosterone. Some patients might experience weight gain following...
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In a nutshell The authors aimed to determine whether patients with T2c prostate tumors had an intermediate or high-risk disease. Some background Prostate cancer can be classified as low, intermediate or high-risk. This is based on the risk factors present. Risk factors include high prostate specific antigen levels (PSA – protein...
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In a nutshell The authors assessed the effectiveness of paclitaxel (Taxol)-based chemo-radiotherapy (combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy) in non-small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC) with presence of tumor after surgery. Some background The primary treatment for NSCLC is the surgical removal of the affected lobe of...
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In a nutshell The authors aimed to assess the effectiveness of radiotherapy treatment (uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells by damaging their DNA) on women with breast cancer who have previously had surgery. Some background Breast- conserving surgery (removes the breast cancer but not the breast itself) is just one method of breast...
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In a nutshell The authors aimed to determine the effectiveness of exemestane (Aromasin) to treat premenopausal women with breast cancer and treatment outlook in comparison to tamoxifen (Nolvadex). Some background Tamoxifen is a type of hormone therapy used to treat breast cancer. This type of treatment is generally specific for hormone receptor...
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In a nutshell The authors aimed to determine signs and symptoms of urinary problems following radiation in prostate cancer patients and the need for further corrective surgery. Some background Radiation therapy is a common treatment for prostate cancer. Radiation therapy involves directing a beam of radiation at the tumor site in order...
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In a nutshell The authors aimed to determine if there was a significant risk of cancer recurrence when breast-conserving therapy is the only treatment for women aged 55 and older. Some background A lumpectomy or 'breast-conserving therapy' is the removal of the breast and some surrounding tissues (the breast remains intact). This is...
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