This review examined whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was useful in predicting the prognosis of prostate cancer. Researchers reported a strong link between the NLR and overall survival and cancer recurrence.

The authors evaluated 1-year differences in outcome between 4 different treatments for bone mass loss associated with androgen deprivation therapy.

The authors aimed to compare outcomes after local therapy versus no local therapy in men with advanced prostate cancer (cancer that has spread outside the prostate gland).

The authors concluded that local therapy resulted in better outcomes when compared to no local therapy. They also concluded that in patients who received local therapy, men who received surgery had a lower mortality rate than men who received radiation therapy.

This study compared the effectiveness of ibandronate (Boniva) with the more conventional radiotherapy in reducing metastatic bone pain in prostate cancer.

This study examines the 15-year cancer-specific and overall survival in men treated with prostate brachytherapy.

The authors evaluated whether fibrinogen could be used to determine cancer survival in prostate cancer. 

This article looked at the pathological features of prostate cancer to identify those patients who would benefit the most from adjuvant radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy.

What would happen if you secretly gave cancer patients four of the healthiest foods?

?Below is an approximation of this video’s audio content. To see any graphs, charts, graphics, images, and quotes to which Dr. Greger may be referring, watch the above video.

In my video on pomegranates and prostate cancer, pomegranate pills appeared useless in the treatment for prostate cancer. And, the same disappointing results with a “pomegranate beverage”—but that was just a “pomegranate extract” as well. So, maybe the “pomegranate [itself] cannot be blamed for the ineffectiveness seen in the study…but [rather] the low dose of the pomegranate active principle[s in the extract].” But what is the active principle? Extracts will boast about the level of ellagic acid—”[d]efinitely…one of the [more] potent of the phytochemicals found in pomegranate. However, it is not as strong as [the] pomegranate [itself].”

What they mean is that the components may act synergistically; the whole may be greater than the sum of its parts. Here are human prostate cancer cells in a petri dish, churning away at 100% growth. But drip on this pomegranate fraction and the cancer growth rate is cut 30%. But, this other fraction appeared useless. So, if you add them both together, what do you think would happen? 30% suppression plus zero suppression equals 70% suppression! That’s synergy, where 1 + 1 is greater than 2. Here they are under a microscope—that’s what prostate cancer cells look like. Here’s with the 30% compound. Here’s with the useless one, and here’s with both.

So, “[a]ny attempt to characterize the…power of a medicinal food by standardizing a single chemical is missing the entire point of [plant-based] medicine.” So, the standardized extracts “represent[s] a cynical, [money]-driven attempt to replace the power of the pomegranate with the power of ellagic acid.” But, “[t]he pomegranate needs no such tricks or enhancements.” It’s powerful as is. So, why don’t they just try the fruit out on cancer patients?

Because you can’t stuff a pomegranate in a pill. So, you can’t compare it to an indistinguishable sugar-pill placebo. Drugs are easy to study; people don’t know if they’re taking the active drug or the placebo. But they tend to notice if they’re eating a pomegranate or not. So, if you gave a bunch of cancer patients some pomegranates to eat, and the cancer slowed down, you wouldn’t know if it was the pomegranates or just the placebo effect. Of course, the patients wouldn’t care—if they got better, who cares? But to change medical practice, we want to know if the fruit is actually something special. I suppose you could create some kind of pomegranate smoothie versus some fake smoothie, but that sounds logistically difficult. So, researchers tried powdering it. 199 men with prostate cancer either got a placebo or a tablet, three times a day, containing 100mg of whole powdered pomegranate. Now, this was the whole fruit, just with the water taken out. But even so, how much can you fit in a tablet? Comes out to be about six pomegranate seeds’ worth a day. That’s about 1/100 of a pomegranate a day!

Since they could fit so little in a pill, they tried to maximize their chances of beating back the cancer using diversity. If you have two groups of people eating approximately the same amount of fruits and vegetables, but one group ate a relatively low biological diversity diet, where they ate tons of really healthy foods, but just less variety than smaller servings of a high-diversity diet, which group would win in terms of protecting their DNA from free radical damage? The high-diversity group. This suggests that “smaller amounts of many phytochemicals may have a greater potential to exert beneficial effects than larger amounts of fewer phytochemicals.”

Same result for inflammation. Greater variety in fruit and vegetable intake is associated with lower inflammation, even if you eat the same number of servings. Same with improving cognitive function. “[G]reater variety in fruit and vegetable intake was associated with a better [mental status], executive function, attention, [and] memory function [in some cases]—even after adjustment for total quantity.”

So, if you have two people eating the same number of servings of healthy foods, the one eating a greater variety may do better. So, the researchers didn’t just put in some pomegranate powder, they added some powdered broccoli too, and some powdered turmeric, and some powdered green tea concentrate. So, a fruit, a vegetable, spice and leaf, but tiny amounts—that’s like one floret of broccoli a day, less than an eighth-teaspoon a day of turmeric, and about one-sixth of a tea bag worth of green tea. All great plants, but could such tiny amounts actually affect the progression of cancer?

Yes. In the group of men with early-stage prostate cancer trying to avoid surgery, the PSA levels rose in the placebo group; rose nearly 50%—indicating the cancer continued to flourish, whereas in the pomegranate/broccoli/turmeric/green tea Food Supplement group, the PSAs didn’t rise at all. And, in those with more advanced disease—already had surgery or radiation, and trying to avoid chemo—a 70% greater rise in the placebo group. That was enough to significantly delay some of the more toxic treatment. So, significant short-term, favorable effects—see, they only had enough money to run the study for six months, because it was a non-commercial endeavor, funded by charity. This wasn’t some supplement company—in fact, there was no supplement until the investigators dreamed it up from scratch.

Of course, now there’s a supplement, given the study’s extraordinary results, but the only reason the researchers put the foods in pill form was to match it with a placebo. In my mind, what this study should tell cancer patients is to eat curried broccoli with fruit for dessert, and sip some green tea. A completely plant-based diet may even shrink the tumor, not just slow it down. But there’s no reason we can’t do both, a plant-based diet chock-full of especially powerful plants.

This study reviewed evidence on the use of medication and supplements for additional medical conditions on prostate cancer mortality. Authors concluded that commonly used medications and supplements can influence prognosis among prostate cancer patients. 

This study examined long-term side effects of radiation therapy on sexual function. Researchers report a range symptoms related to sexual function among long-term prostate cancer survivors.