This study wanted to find out if treating breast cancer with everolimus (Afintor) and endocrine therapy is better than only treating with endocrine therapy. The study found that using everolimus in addition to endocrine therapy had a significant benefit to survival in these patients.

This study wanted to find out how well lurbinectedin (PM01183) works in treatment of breast cancer with BRCA1/2 mutations (abnormal genes), which has spread. The study found that lurbinectedin worked well in treating patients with BRCA1/2 mutated breast cancer which had spread.

This article investigated the safety and effectiveness of myofascial release (MR) therapy on women survivors of breast cancer. The authors concluded that MR therapy is safe and resulted in physical benefits (overall shoulder movement, functionality, pain). 

This study investigated the effectiveness of bisphosphonates (BPT) to prevent hip fractures in elderly patients with stroke and Parkinson’s disease. Researchers suggested that BPTs reduced the risk of fracture in these patients.

This study aimed to investigate the association between blood pressure levels during the initial phase of a stroke and clinical outcome. The main finding of the study was that patients with moderate-low systolic (the amount of pressure when the heart contracts) blood pressure during the acute phase of a stroke had a lower risk of poor outcomes.

This study investigated if fatigue (tiredness) after a stroke is associated with the blood levels of the thyroid hormone TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone). Researchers suggested that TSH levels may have a role in fatigue after a stroke.

This study looked at the link between low vitamin D and cerebral (brain) small vessel disease in patients with a stroke. The authors concluded that patients with low vitamin D levels had a greater burden of cerebral small vessel disease.

In a video I did a decade ago—you can tell how ancient it is by the silly graphics—I explained that the “cholesterol-raising factor” in coffee “does not pass [through] a [drip coffee] paper filter.” Give people French press coffee, which is filtered, but without paper, and their cholesterol swells up over time, starting within just two weeks. But switch them to paper-filtered coffee, and their cholesterol comes right back down. Same amount of coffee, but just prepared differently.

“The cholesterol-raising factor from coffee beans” has since been identified: it’s the fatty substances in the oil within coffee beans. One reason it took us so long to figure that out is that it didn’t raise cholesterol in rats, or hamsters, or even monkeys—but it did in human beings. But, it apparently gets stuck in the paper filter. “This explains why filtered coffee doesn’t affect cholesterol, whereas…’boiled’, [French press], and Turkish coffees do.” Espresso, as well, which has 20 times more of the cholesterol-raising substance cafestol than paper-filtered drip coffee, with Turkish and boiled coffee being the worst—though instant and percolator coffee are pretty low, even without the paper filter.

Note: if you make drip coffee with one of those metal mesh filters without the paper, it would presumably be just as bad as like the French press.

So, the studies in general “appeared to consistently find” that it was this fatty component that was then filtered out by paper. But, “a small number of studies suggested that filtered coffee may also increase cholesterol levels, and began to cast some doubt on what appeared to be a fairly clear picture.” So, yeah, “the cholesterol-raising effects brought about by the consumption of filtered coffee may not be as strong as that of the boiled coffee.” But, maybe we shouldn’t “discard the possibility that filtered coffee may also play a small but important role” in raising cholesterol.

I knew about this study, where three cups a day of filtered coffee raised total cholesterol, but the rise in LDL “bad” cholesterol was not statistically significant. Same with this study, where stopping filtered coffee reduced total cholesterol, suggesting perhaps only partial removal. But, no one had ever just measured the levels of the cholesterol-raising compounds in the paper filters…until, now.

The results showed that most of the cholesterol-raising cafestol was retained by the coffee grounds, rather than getting stuck in the filter itself. In other words, “the principal function of the paper filter” is to not necessarily block the compound itself, but to block any fine particles that are carrying the compound. Like, when you make French press coffee, there’s that fine mesh screen, but you still notice a little sludge at the bottom of the cup; that’s the tiny particles that pass through and can carry some of the risk. But, a little cafestol does get through the filter.

So, yeah, you can cut out more than 90% by switching from French press, or one of the metal mesh filters, by using a paper filter. If you use coffee that starts out with a high level of the cafestol compound, you’re still clearing out about 95% with the paper, but there may be enough left to still bump up your LDL. But, you don’t know until you…put it to the test.

They started out with a high cafestol coffee. After a month of drinking two cups a day, their LDL cholesterol went up, significantly, even though it was paper-filtered. So, if you have high cholesterol despite eating a healthy diet, you may want to try cutting out coffee, and getting retested.

Or, you can try switching to a lower-cafestol coffee. There’s all sorts of variables, such as roasting degree or grind size that may affect cafestol levels. One can imagine a smaller particle size would allow for greater extraction. Roasting appears to destroy some of it. So, a really dark roast should have less. But, there’s not much difference between just light and medium roast. Indeed, in this study, there was no significant difference between the rise in cholesterol after a medium light roast and a medium roast. They both raised bad cholesterol.

This study looked at levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (a type of fat cell) as a biomarker to predict recurrent stroke. The authors concluded that high levels of this protein are associated with a higher risk of another stroke in patients with minor stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA; when blood flow to a part of the brain stops for a short period of time). 
 

This study looked at the association between anticoagulant medication used in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF, irregular heartbeat) and its association with stroke. The authors found that AF is commonly undertreated which can impact the risk of stroke.