Evaluating the impact of weight regain on outcomes for patients with type 2 diabetes

This study investigated the impact of weight regain on the outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The authors concluded that patients who kept off the weight they lost had the greatest benefit compared to patients who regained lost weight.

Weight management is an essential part of T2D management. Many patients with T2D are overweight or obese. This is associated with a higher risk of complications related to diabetes, such as heart disease. Some studies suggest that weight loss may also help reduce risk factors for heart problems.

Weight gain after weight loss (weight regain) is common in patients with T2D. Previous studies suggest that regaining weight may increase the risk of heart problems. However, few studies have compared outcomes for patients with T2D who lose weight and keep it off versus patients who regain lost weight.    

This study included the records of 1561 patients with T2D. Patients participated in a weight loss program for 1 year. After the program, patients were followed for an average of 4 years. Patients were divided up into two groups: less than 10% weight loss and 10% or more weight loss.

Overall, 764 patients lost 10% or more of their initial weight from the beginning of the study. 797 patients lost less than 10% of their initial weight.

Among male patients, those who lost less than 10% of their initial weight had a lower HbA1c (average blood glucose over the past 3 months) and a smaller waist size. Men who lost 10% or more of their initial weight also had lower HbA1c levels, lower HDL cholesterol levels, and lower blood pressure. Men in both groups also had lower triglyceride levels.

Among female patients, those who lost less than 10% of their initial weight had lower blood pressure. Women who lost 10% or more of their initial weight had lower HbA1c levels and smaller waist size. Women in both groups also had lower HDL cholesterol levels.

However, patients who regained 75% or more of their lost weight had significantly poorer outcomes. These patients had a significant increase in HbA1c levels, triglyceride levels, blood pressure, and waist size.

This study concluded that patients with T2D who regain lost weight had more heart-related risk factors compared to patients who kept off lost weight.

This study could not evaluate the effect of lost or regained weight on the frequency of heart disease.